Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale assesses daytime sleepiness in 8 situations to screen for sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea. Score ranges from 0 (no daytime sleepiness) to 24 (maximum sleepiness).

Sitting and reading * Chance of dozing in this situation.

Watching TV * Chance of dozing in this situation.

Sitting, inactive in a public place (e.g., a theater or a meeting) * Chance of dozing in this situation.

As a passenger in a car for an hour without a break * Chance of dozing in this situation.

Lying down to rest in the afternoon when circumstances permit * Chance of dozing in this situation.

Sitting and talking to someone * Chance of dozing in this situation.

Sitting quietly after a lunch without alcohol * Chance of dozing in this situation.

In a car, while stopped for a few minutes in the traffic * Chance of dozing in this situation.

Answer all 8 questions and click Calculate

References

Epworth Sleepiness Scale - MDCalc — MDCalc (2025)
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) - BMJ Group — BMJ Best Practice (2023)

Clinical Notes & Warnings

ESS is a screening tool, not diagnostic.
Some items may not be applicable to all patients (e.g., those who do not drive).
Cultural and language differences may affect responses.
Does not distinguish between sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, or other causes.
Many patients with OSA have normal ESS scores.

The ESS was developed by Dr. Murray Johns in 1991. It assesses propensity to fall asleep in 8 common situations. A score ≥11 suggests significant excessive daytime sleepiness and warrants further evaluation for sleep disorders.