BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index

Functional limitation in ankylosing spondylitis. Free to use.

rheumatology 10 items Updated 2026-05-06

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What is BASFI? BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) is a validated instrument used to assess functional limitation in ankylosing spondylitis. It comprises 10 items.

What is BASFI?

BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) is a validated clinical instrument used to assess functional limitation in ankylosing spondylitis. The instrument contains 10 items.

Source / attribution: Calin A et al. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(12):2281-2285.

Clinical context: when BASFI is used

The instrument's primary construct — functional limitation in ankylosing spondylitis — is operationalized through a fixed set of items, each with a defined response format. This standardisation is what allows BASFI scores to be compared meaningfully across clinicians, sites, and studies.

Like all screening or assessment instruments, BASFI is a structured aid — not a diagnostic test in isolation. Results should be interpreted alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Where a score crosses an actionable threshold, the next step is typically a more detailed clinical evaluation rather than a definitive diagnosis.

Score BASFI

Answer all 10 items below to see your BASFI score and interpretation.

All scoring runs in your browser. No data is sent anywhere — close the tab and the answers are gone.

How BASFI is scored

BASFI uses a published formula (basfi) rather than simple summation. The formula and its inputs are visible in our open-source scoring engine.

Scoring notes: BASFI = mean of 10 items, each scored 0 (easy) – 10 (impossible). Range 0–10.

BASFI score interpretation

The cutoffs below are drawn from the published validation literature. Always interpret in clinical context.

Score rangeBandInterpretation
0–2.5Minimal limitationFunctional impact is small.
2.6–5Mild limitationMild functional restriction.
5.1–7.5Moderate limitationSignificant functional restriction.
7.6–10Severe limitationMajor functional impairment; comprehensive care indicated.

How to score BASFI: worked example

BASFI uses a published formula rather than simple summation. Below is a step-by-step calculation with illustrative inputs.

Step 1 — Collect the inputs

InputValue
Q1each = 5
Q2each = 5
Q3each = 5
Q4each = 5
Q5each = 5
Q6each = 5
Q7each = 5
Q8each = 5
Q9each = 5
Q10each = 5

Step 2 — Apply the formula

  1. Score each of the 10 items on 0–10.
  2. BASFI = mean of Q1…Q10 = 50 / 10 = 5.0

Step 3 — Read the result

Score = 5Mild limitation

Use the calculator above with your own values →

Limitations & common pitfalls

How BASFI compares to other rheumatology scales

If BASFI doesn't fit your context, related instruments in rheumatology include:

ScaleMeasuresItemsTime
BASDAIDisease activity in ankylosing spondylitis6
ODISelf-reported low-back-pain functional disability10
NDISelf-reported neck-pain functional disability10
LEFSFunction with lower-extremity musculoskeletal disorders20
Oxford Knee ScorePain and function after total knee replacement12
Oxford Hip ScorePain and function after total hip replacement12
IPSSLower-urinary-tract symptoms in men7
IIEF-5 / SHIMErectile dysfunction screen5

Frequently asked questions about BASFI

What does BASFI measure?

BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) is a validated instrument that assesses functional limitation in ankylosing spondylitis.

How many items are on BASFI?

BASFI contains 10 items.

What is a high BASFI score?

Scores of 7.6–10 fall in the "Severe limitation" band. Major functional impairment; comprehensive care indicated.

What is a low BASFI score?

Scores of 0–2.5 fall in the "Minimal limitation" band. Functional impact is small.

Is BASFI free to use?

Yes — BASFI is in the public domain and free for clinical, educational, and research use without permission.

What is the source paper for BASFI?

Calin A et al. A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(12):2281-2285.

Can BASFI replace clinical judgment?

No. BASFI is a structured assessment aid. A score is one input alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Treatment decisions should never rest on a screening score alone.

References & validation

BASFI is supported by the following peer-reviewed sources: