Glasgow Coma Scale: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Level of consciousness after head injury. Free to use.

neurology, emergency, critical-care 3 items Updated 2026-05-05

Score Glasgow Coma Scale below → Download printable PDF View source paper (DOI)
What is Glasgow Coma Scale? Glasgow Coma Scale (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)) is a validated instrument used to assess level of consciousness after head injury. It comprises 3 items.

What is Glasgow Coma Scale?

Glasgow Coma Scale (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)) is a validated clinical instrument used to assess level of consciousness after head injury. The instrument contains 3 items.

Source / attribution: Teasdale G, Jennett B. Lancet 1974

Clinical context: when Glasgow Coma Scale is used

The instrument's primary construct — level of consciousness after head injury — is operationalized through a fixed set of items, each with a defined response format. This standardisation is what allows Glasgow Coma Scale scores to be compared meaningfully across clinicians, sites, and studies.

Like all screening or assessment instruments, Glasgow Coma Scale is a structured aid — not a diagnostic test in isolation. Results should be interpreted alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Where a score crosses an actionable threshold, the next step is typically a more detailed clinical evaluation rather than a definitive diagnosis.

Score Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer all 3 items below to see your Glasgow Coma Scale score and interpretation.

Each item is scored on a 4-point scale (1–4). Your score updates live as you answer.

All scoring runs in your browser. No data is sent anywhere — close the tab and the answers are gone.

How Glasgow Coma Scale is scored

Glasgow Coma Scale uses simple summation: each item's selected response is converted to a numeric value, and the values are added to produce a total score. Reverse-scored items are inverted before summation.

Scoring notes: Educational use only.

Glasgow Coma Scale score interpretation

The cutoffs below are drawn from the published validation literature. Always interpret in clinical context.

Score rangeBandInterpretation
3–8SevereSevere.
9–12ModerateModerate.
13–15MildMild.

How to score Glasgow Coma Scale: a step-by-step worked example

This is an illustrative walkthrough, not a real patient. Follow the same four steps with your own answers — or use the live calculator at the top of this page.

Step 1 — Score each item

Read each question and choose the response that best fits. Each response has a number next to it — that number is the item's score. The example below uses illustrative answers.

#ItemExample responseScore
1Eye openingSpontaneous4
2Verbal responseInappropriate words3
3Motor responseWithdrawal from pain4

Step 2 — Add up the scores

Add up all the item scores you noted in Step 1.

4 + 3 + 4 = 11

Step 3 — Look up the band

Find the row in the interpretation table whose range contains your total:

Total = 11 falls between 9 and 12Moderate

Step 4 — What does this mean clinically?

Moderate. Moderate injury.

A score is one input alongside history and examination. Glasgow Coma Scale supports clinical judgment — it does not replace it.

Score Glasgow Coma Scale with your own answers above →

Limitations & common pitfalls

How Glasgow Coma Scale compares to other neurology scales

If Glasgow Coma Scale doesn't fit your context, related instruments in neurology include:

ScaleMeasuresItemsTime
MoCACognitive screening≈ 10 minutes
mRSFunctional outcome after stroke1
ABCD22-day stroke risk after TIA5
NIHSS (Lite)Stroke severity13
APGAR ScoreRapid assessment of newborn at 1 and 5 min5
ASA Physical StatusPre-operative health status1
CHA2DS2-VAScAnnual stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation8
CURB-6530-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia5

Frequently asked questions about Glasgow Coma Scale

What does Glasgow Coma Scale measure?

Glasgow Coma Scale (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)) is a validated instrument that assesses level of consciousness after head injury.

How many items are on Glasgow Coma Scale?

Glasgow Coma Scale contains 3 items. Items are summed to produce a total score.

What is a high Glasgow Coma Scale score?

Scores of 13–15 fall in the "Mild" band. Mild.

What is a low Glasgow Coma Scale score?

Scores of 3–8 fall in the "Severe" band. Severe.

Is Glasgow Coma Scale free to use?

Yes — Glasgow Coma Scale is in the public domain and free for clinical, educational, and research use without permission.

What is the source paper for Glasgow Coma Scale?

Teasdale G, Jennett B. Lancet. 1974;2(7872):81-84.

Can Glasgow Coma Scale replace clinical judgment?

No. Glasgow Coma Scale is a structured assessment aid. A score is one input alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Treatment decisions should never rest on a screening score alone.

References & validation

Glasgow Coma Scale is supported by the following peer-reviewed sources: