PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month. ≈ 5 min to complete. Free with attribution.

sleep 7 items ≈ 5 min Updated 2026-05-06

Score PSQI below → Download printable PDF View source paper (DOI)
What is PSQI? PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) is a validated instrument used to assess 19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month.. It is used in 19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month.. It comprises 7 items. Administration takes about 5 min.

What is PSQI?

PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) is a validated clinical instrument used to assess 19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month.. It is most often used for 19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month.. The instrument contains 7 items. Typical administration time is ≈ 5 min.

Source / attribution: Free to use with citation

Clinical context: when PSQI is used

19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month. PSQI is part of standard practice in this setting because it provides a structured, replicable assessment that can be tracked over time and compared across patients or visits.

Like all screening or assessment instruments, PSQI is a structured aid — not a diagnostic test in isolation. Results should be interpreted alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Where a score crosses an actionable threshold, the next step is typically a more detailed clinical evaluation rather than a definitive diagnosis.

Score PSQI

Answer all 7 items below to see your PSQI score and interpretation.

Each item is scored on a 4-point scale (0–3). Your score updates live as you answer.

All scoring runs in your browser. No data is sent anywhere — close the tab and the answers are gone.

How PSQI is scored

Seven component scores (0-3 each) summed for global score 0-21. Score > 5 indicates poor sleep quality.

Scoring notes: Seven component scores (0-3 each) summed for global score 0-21. Score > 5 indicates poor sleep quality.

PSQI score interpretation

The cutoffs below are drawn from the published validation literature. Always interpret in clinical context.

Score rangeBandInterpretation
0–5Good sleep qualityNone
6–21Poor sleep qualityConsider sleep intervention

How to score PSQI: a step-by-step worked example

This is an illustrative walkthrough, not a real patient. Follow the same four steps with your own answers — or use the live calculator at the top of this page.

Step 1 — Score each item

Read each question and choose the response that best fits. Each response has a number next to it — that number is the item's score. The example below uses illustrative answers.

#ItemExample responseScore
1Subjective sleep qualityFairly bad2
2Sleep latency (time to fall asleep)31-60 minutes2
3Sleep duration5-6 hours2
4Habitual sleep efficiency65-74%2
5Sleep disturbancesOnce or twice a week2
6Use of sleeping medicationOnce or twice a week2
7Daytime dysfunctionSomewhat of a problem2

Step 2 — Add up the scores

Add up all the item scores you noted in Step 1.

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 14

Step 3 — Look up the band

Find the row in the interpretation table whose range contains your total:

Total = 14 falls between 6 and 21Poor sleep quality

Step 4 — What does this mean clinically?

Poor sleep quality. Consider sleep intervention

A score is one input alongside history and examination. PSQI supports clinical judgment — it does not replace it.

Score PSQI with your own answers above →

PSQI psychometric properties

Psychometric figures are drawn from the validation literature and may vary across clinical populations and translations.

Limitations & common pitfalls

How PSQI compares to other sleep scales

If PSQI doesn't fit your context, related instruments in sleep include:

ScaleMeasuresItemsTime
ISIBrief screening measure for insomnia severity and outcomes.7≈ 2 min
ESS8-item questionnaire measuring daytime sleepiness in everyday situations.8≈ 2 min
AIS8-item scale based on ICD-10 insomnia criteria for clinical assessment.8≈ 2 min
PHQ-9Severity of depression9≈ 3 minutes
GAD-7Severity of generalized anxiety7≈ 2 minutes
AUDIT10-item WHO screening tool for hazardous alcohol consumption and dependence.10≈ 3 min
CHA2DS2-VAScAnnual stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation8
Glasgow Coma ScaleLevel of consciousness after head injury3

Frequently asked questions about PSQI

What does PSQI measure?

PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) is a validated instrument that assesses 19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month.. Its primary clinical use is 19-item measure assessing sleep quality and disturbances over one month..

How long does PSQI take to complete?

PSQI typically takes ≈ 5 min to administer. Time can vary slightly depending on whether it is self-administered or clinician-led.

How many items are on PSQI?

PSQI contains 7 items. Items are summed to produce a total score.

What is a high PSQI score?

Scores of 6–21 fall in the "Poor sleep quality" band. Consider sleep intervention

What is a low PSQI score?

Scores of 0–5 fall in the "Good sleep quality" band. None

How reliable is PSQI?

PSQI has reported Cronbach's α of 0.83 in validation samples and test–retest reliability of 0.85. Widely validated; correlates with polysomnography.

Is PSQI free to use?

PSQI is free to use with attribution. Free to use with citation

What is the source paper for PSQI?

Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213.

Can PSQI replace clinical judgment?

No. PSQI is a structured assessment aid. A score is one input alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Treatment decisions should never rest on a screening score alone.

References & validation

PSQI is supported by the following peer-reviewed sources: