Understanding CKD Stages 1–5: A Simple Guide
What your eGFR number means for your health and next steps.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is divided into five stages based on your eGFR—a blood test that estimates how well your kidneys filter waste. Knowing your stage helps you and your doctor decide on treatment, lifestyle changes, and when to see a specialist.
CKD Stage 1: eGFR ≥90
At Stage 1, kidney function is normal, but there are other signs of kidney damage—such as protein in the urine, blood in the urine, or structural abnormalities on an ultrasound.
What to do: Control blood pressure and blood sugar, avoid nephrotoxic drugs like NSAIDs, and get regular check-ups.
CKD Stage 2: eGFR 60–89
Mildly decreased kidney function with signs of kidney damage. Most people still feel completely normal at this stage.
What to do: Focus on risk-factor control (diabetes, hypertension, smoking cessation) and monitor eGFR every 6–12 months.
CKD Stage 3: eGFR 30–59
Moderately decreased kidney function. This is the most common stage and is split into 3a (45–59) and 3b (30–44). Some people may start to experience fatigue, swelling, or changes in urination.
What to do: See a nephrologist for evaluation, start medications that protect kidneys (like ACE inhibitors or SGLT2 inhibitors if appropriate), and follow a kidney-friendly diet.
CKD Stage 4: eGFR 15–29
Severely decreased kidney function. Symptoms become more common: fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, itching, and fluid retention.
What to do: Prepare for kidney replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant). A nephrologist will guide you through options and timing.
CKD Stage 5: eGFR <15
Kidney failure. The kidneys can no longer keep up with the body's needs on their own. Dialysis or a kidney transplant is usually required.
What to do: Work closely with your care team to choose the best renal replacement therapy for your lifestyle and health goals.
Quick Reference Table
| Stage | eGFR Range | Kidney Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ≥90 | Normal with other damage markers |
| 2 | 60–89 | Mildly decreased |
| 3a | 45–59 | Moderately decreased |
| 3b | 30–44 | Moderately to severely decreased |
| 4 | 15–29 | Severely decreased |
| 5 | <15 | Kidney failure |
Use our free eGFR calculator to find your stage instantly.
Book a telemedicine consultation or lab review with Dr. Taimoor Asghar.