CAGE: CAGE Questionnaire

Classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems. ≈ 1 min to complete. Free with attribution.

addiction 4 items ≈ 1 min Updated 2026-05-06

Score CAGE below → Download printable PDF View source paper (DOI)
What is CAGE? CAGE (CAGE Questionnaire) is a validated instrument used to assess classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems.. It is used in classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems.. It comprises 4 items. Administration takes about 1 min.

What is CAGE?

CAGE (CAGE Questionnaire) is a validated clinical instrument used to assess classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems.. It is most often used for classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems.. The instrument contains 4 items. Typical administration time is ≈ 1 min.

Source / attribution: Free to use with citation

Clinical context: when CAGE is used

Classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems. CAGE is part of standard practice in this setting because it provides a structured, replicable assessment that can be tracked over time and compared across patients or visits.

Like all screening or assessment instruments, CAGE is a structured aid — not a diagnostic test in isolation. Results should be interpreted alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Where a score crosses an actionable threshold, the next step is typically a more detailed clinical evaluation rather than a definitive diagnosis.

Score CAGE

Answer all 4 items below to see your CAGE score and interpretation.

All scoring runs in your browser. No data is sent anywhere — close the tab and the answers are gone.

How CAGE is scored

Score 1 point per yes answer. Total range 0-4. Score >= 2 suggests alcohol problems.

Scoring notes: Score 1 point per yes answer. Total range 0-4. Score >= 2 suggests alcohol problems.

CAGE score interpretation

The cutoffs below are drawn from the published validation literature. Always interpret in clinical context.

Score rangeBandInterpretation
0–1Low riskNone
2–4Possible alcohol problemFurther evaluation

How to score CAGE: a step-by-step worked example

This is an illustrative walkthrough, not a real patient. Follow the same four steps with your own answers — or use the live calculator at the top of this page.

Step 1 — Score each item

Mark each item Yes or No. Each "Yes" adds the item's weight; each "No" adds 0. The example below uses illustrative answers.

#ItemExample responseScore
1Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking?Yes1
2Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?Yes1
3Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?Yes1
4Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover (Eye-opener)?No0

Step 2 — Add up the scores

Add the weights from the items where you marked "Yes" (skip the "No" answers — they contribute 0).

1 + 1 + 1 + 0 = 3

Step 3 — Look up the band

Find the row in the interpretation table whose range contains your total:

Total = 3 falls between 2 and 4Possible alcohol problem

Step 4 — What does this mean clinically?

Possible alcohol problem. Further evaluation

A score is one input alongside history and examination. CAGE supports clinical judgment — it does not replace it.

Score CAGE with your own answers above →

CAGE psychometric properties

Psychometric figures are drawn from the validation literature and may vary across clinical populations and translations.

Limitations & common pitfalls

How CAGE compares to other addiction scales

If CAGE doesn't fit your context, related instruments in addiction include:

ScaleMeasuresItemsTime
AUDIT10-item WHO screening tool for hazardous alcohol consumption and dependence.10≈ 3 min
AUDIT-C3-item brief version of AUDIT for quick alcohol screening in clinical settings.3≈ 1 min
DAST-1010-item brief screener for drug use problems excluding alcohol and tobacco.10≈ 3 min
FTND6-item measure of nicotine dependence severity for smoking cessation planning.6≈ 2 min
PHQ-9Severity of depression9≈ 3 minutes
GAD-7Severity of generalized anxiety7≈ 2 minutes
CHA2DS2-VAScAnnual stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation8
Glasgow Coma ScaleLevel of consciousness after head injury3

Frequently asked questions about CAGE

What does CAGE measure?

CAGE (CAGE Questionnaire) is a validated instrument that assesses classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems.. Its primary clinical use is classic 4-item screening test for alcohol problems..

How long does CAGE take to complete?

CAGE typically takes ≈ 1 min to administer. Time can vary slightly depending on whether it is self-administered or clinician-led.

How many items are on CAGE?

CAGE contains 4 items. Items are summed to produce a total score.

What is a high CAGE score?

Scores of 2–4 fall in the "Possible alcohol problem" band. Further evaluation

What is a low CAGE score?

Scores of 0–1 fall in the "Low risk" band. None

How reliable is CAGE?

CAGE has reported Cronbach's α of 0.85 in validation samples and test–retest reliability of 0.7. Sensitivity 71%, specificity 90% for alcoholism.

Is CAGE free to use?

CAGE is free to use with attribution. Free to use with citation

What is the source paper for CAGE?

Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire. Journal of the American Medical Association, 252(14), 1905-1907.

Can CAGE replace clinical judgment?

No. CAGE is a structured assessment aid. A score is one input alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Treatment decisions should never rest on a screening score alone.

References & validation

CAGE is supported by the following peer-reviewed sources: