Karnofsky PS: Karnofsky Performance Status

Functional status of cancer / chronic-illness patients. Free to use.

oncology, palliative 1 items Updated 2026-05-06

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What is Karnofsky PS? Karnofsky PS (Karnofsky Performance Status) is a validated instrument used to assess functional status of cancer / chronic-illness patients. It comprises 1 item.

What is Karnofsky PS?

Karnofsky PS (Karnofsky Performance Status) is a validated clinical instrument used to assess functional status of cancer / chronic-illness patients. The instrument contains 1 item.

Source / attribution: Karnofsky DA, Burchenal JH. In: MacLeod CM (ed). Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents. New York: Columbia Univ Press, 1949: 191-205.

Clinical context: when Karnofsky PS is used

The instrument's primary construct — functional status of cancer / chronic-illness patients — is operationalized through a fixed set of items, each with a defined response format. This standardisation is what allows Karnofsky PS scores to be compared meaningfully across clinicians, sites, and studies.

Like all screening or assessment instruments, Karnofsky PS is a structured aid — not a diagnostic test in isolation. Results should be interpreted alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Where a score crosses an actionable threshold, the next step is typically a more detailed clinical evaluation rather than a definitive diagnosis.

Score Karnofsky PS

Answer all 1 item below to see your Karnofsky PS score and interpretation.

Each item is scored on a 11-point scale (100–0). Your score updates live as you answer.

All scoring runs in your browser. No data is sent anywhere — close the tab and the answers are gone.

How Karnofsky PS is scored

Karnofsky PS uses simple summation: each item's selected response is converted to a numeric value, and the values are added to produce a total score. Reverse-scored items are inverted before summation.

Karnofsky PS score interpretation

The cutoffs below are drawn from the published validation literature. Always interpret in clinical context.

Score rangeBandInterpretation
0–40Unable to care for selfKPS ≤ 40 — needs equivalent of institutional or hospital care.
50–70Unable to work; lives at homeKPS 50–70 — needs varying levels of assistance.
80–100Able to carry on normal activityKPS 80–100 — can usually tolerate active treatment.

How to score Karnofsky PS: a step-by-step worked example

This is an illustrative walkthrough, not a real patient. Follow the same four steps with your own answers — or use the live calculator at the top of this page.

Step 1 — Score each item

Read each question and choose the response that best fits. Each response has a number next to it — that number is the item's score. The example below uses illustrative answers.

#ItemExample responseScore
1Karnofsky score 60 — Requires occasional assistance; cares for most personal needs.60

Step 2 — Add up the scores

Add up all the item scores you noted in Step 1.

60 = 60

Step 3 — Look up the band

Find the row in the interpretation table whose range contains your total:

Total = 60 falls between 50 and 70Unable to work; lives at home

Step 4 — What does this mean clinically?

Unable to work; lives at home. KPS 50–70 — needs varying levels of assistance.

A score is one input alongside history and examination. Karnofsky PS supports clinical judgment — it does not replace it.

Score Karnofsky PS with your own answers above →

Limitations & common pitfalls

How Karnofsky PS compares to other oncology scales

If Karnofsky PS doesn't fit your context, related instruments in oncology include:

ScaleMeasuresItemsTime
ECOG PSFunctional status of cancer patients1
PHQ-9Severity of depression9≈ 3 minutes
GAD-7Severity of generalized anxiety7≈ 2 minutes
AUDIT10-item WHO screening tool for hazardous alcohol consumption and dependence.10≈ 3 min
CHA2DS2-VAScAnnual stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation8
Glasgow Coma ScaleLevel of consciousness after head injury3
MELD-Na3-month mortality in advanced liver disease; transplant prioritization5

Frequently asked questions about Karnofsky PS

What does Karnofsky PS measure?

Karnofsky PS (Karnofsky Performance Status) is a validated instrument that assesses functional status of cancer / chronic-illness patients.

How many items are on Karnofsky PS?

Karnofsky PS contains 1 item. Items are summed to produce a total score.

What is a high Karnofsky PS score?

Scores of 80–100 fall in the "Able to carry on normal activity" band. KPS 80–100 — can usually tolerate active treatment.

What is a low Karnofsky PS score?

Scores of 0–40 fall in the "Unable to care for self" band. KPS ≤ 40 — needs equivalent of institutional or hospital care.

Is Karnofsky PS free to use?

Yes — Karnofsky PS is in the public domain and free for clinical, educational, and research use without permission.

What is the source paper for Karnofsky PS?

Karnofsky DA, Burchenal JH. The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. In: MacLeod CM (ed). Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents. New York: Columbia University Press; 1949: 191-205.

Can Karnofsky PS replace clinical judgment?

No. Karnofsky PS is a structured assessment aid. A score is one input alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Treatment decisions should never rest on a screening score alone.

References & validation

Karnofsky PS is supported by the following peer-reviewed sources: