BPI: Brief Pain Inventory

15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning. ≈ 3 min to complete. Free with attribution.

somatic 11 items ≈ 3 min Updated 2026-05-06

Score BPI below → Download printable PDF View source paper (DOI)
What is BPI? BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) is a validated instrument used to assess 15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning.. It is used in 15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning.. It comprises 11 items. Administration takes about 3 min.

What is BPI?

BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) is a validated clinical instrument used to assess 15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning.. It is most often used for 15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning.. The instrument contains 11 items. Typical administration time is ≈ 3 min.

Source / attribution: Free to use with citation

Clinical context: when BPI is used

15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning. BPI is part of standard practice in this setting because it provides a structured, replicable assessment that can be tracked over time and compared across patients or visits.

Like all screening or assessment instruments, BPI is a structured aid — not a diagnostic test in isolation. Results should be interpreted alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Where a score crosses an actionable threshold, the next step is typically a more detailed clinical evaluation rather than a definitive diagnosis.

Score BPI

Answer all 11 items below to see your BPI score and interpretation.

Each item is scored on a 11-point scale (0–10). Your score updates live as you answer.

All scoring runs in your browser. No data is sent anywhere — close the tab and the answers are gone.

How BPI is scored

Pain Severity (4 items) and Pain Interference (7 items) subscales scored 0-10. Additional items assess pain history and relief.

Scoring notes: Pain Severity (4 items) and Pain Interference (7 items) subscales scored 0-10. Additional items assess pain history and relief.

BPI score interpretation

The cutoffs below are drawn from the published validation literature. Always interpret in clinical context.

Score rangeBandInterpretation
0–3Mild painConservative management
4–6Moderate painConsider intervention
7–10Severe painActive treatment

How to score BPI: a step-by-step worked example

This is an illustrative walkthrough, not a real patient. Follow the same four steps with your own answers — or use the live calculator at the top of this page.

Step 1 — Score each item

Read each question and choose the response that best fits. Each response has a number next to it — that number is the item's score. The example below uses illustrative answers.

#ItemExample responseScore
1Pain at its worst in the last 24 hours0 — No pain0
2Pain at its least in the last 24 hours0 — No pain0
3Pain on average0 — No pain0
4Pain right now0 — No pain0
5General activity0 — Does not interfere0
6Mood0 — Does not interfere0
7Walking ability0 — Does not interfere0
8Normal work (includes both work outside the home and housework)0 — Does not interfere0
9Relations with other people11
10Sleep0 — Does not interfere0
11Enjoyment of life11

Step 2 — Add up the scores

Add up all the item scores you noted in Step 1.

0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 2

Step 3 — Look up the band

Find the row in the interpretation table whose range contains your total:

Total = 2 falls between 0 and 3Mild pain

Step 4 — What does this mean clinically?

Mild pain. Conservative management

A score is one input alongside history and examination. BPI supports clinical judgment — it does not replace it.

Score BPI with your own answers above →

BPI psychometric properties

Psychometric figures are drawn from the validation literature and may vary across clinical populations and translations.

Limitations & common pitfalls

How BPI compares to other somatic scales

If BPI doesn't fit your context, related instruments in somatic include:

ScaleMeasuresItemsTime
PHQ-1515-item screening measure for somatic symptom severity in primary care.15≈ 3 min
FIQR21-item revised version assessing functional status, overall impact, and symptoms of fibromyalgia.21≈ 5 min
PHQ-9Severity of depression9≈ 3 minutes
GAD-7Severity of generalized anxiety7≈ 2 minutes
AUDIT10-item WHO screening tool for hazardous alcohol consumption and dependence.10≈ 3 min
CHA2DS2-VAScAnnual stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation8
Glasgow Coma ScaleLevel of consciousness after head injury3
MELD-Na3-month mortality in advanced liver disease; transplant prioritization5

Frequently asked questions about BPI

What does BPI measure?

BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) is a validated instrument that assesses 15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning.. Its primary clinical use is 15-item measure assessing pain severity and pain interference with daily functioning..

How long does BPI take to complete?

BPI typically takes ≈ 3 min to administer. Time can vary slightly depending on whether it is self-administered or clinician-led.

How many items are on BPI?

BPI contains 11 items. Items are summed to produce a total score.

What is a high BPI score?

Scores of 7–10 fall in the "Severe pain" band. Active treatment

What is a low BPI score?

Scores of 0–3 fall in the "Mild pain" band. Conservative management

How reliable is BPI?

BPI has reported Cronbach's α of 0.91 in validation samples and test–retest reliability of 0.88. Widely used in cancer and chronic pain research.

Is BPI free to use?

BPI is free to use with attribution. Free to use with citation

What is the source paper for BPI?

Cleeland, C. S., & Ryan, K. M. (1994). Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, 23(2), 129-138.

Can BPI replace clinical judgment?

No. BPI is a structured assessment aid. A score is one input alongside history, examination, and clinical context. Treatment decisions should never rest on a screening score alone.

References & validation

BPI is supported by the following peer-reviewed sources: