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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common viral infection that can lead to several cancers, most…
11 mins read
The Different Types of Diastolic Murmurs and What They Mean for Your Heart
This Diastolic Murmurs category is designed to enhance your understanding of diastolic murmurs, including aortic regurgitation (mild), pulmonary regurgitation (mild), mitral stenosis (mild, moderate, severe), and tricuspid stenosis (moderate). Diastolic murmurs are heart murmurs heard during diastole and indicate changes in the structure or function of cardiovascular structures. Before beginning this session, it is recommended […]
17 mins read
Understanding the Causes and Effects of Systolic Murmurs: A Comprehensive Guide
Systolic murmurs are caused by turbulent blood flow across the heart valves during systole. They are classified based on their timing, location, and characteristics. The following are the different types of systolic murmurs: It is essential to have a good understanding of normal heart sounds before learning about abnormal heart sounds. Proper auscultation techniques and […]
8 mins read
Listening Beyond Lub-Dub: Exploring the Significance of S3 and S4 Heart Sounds
Welcome to this extra heart sounds category, which will help you learn about the auscultation of the third and fourth heart sounds, including third heart sound gallop, fourth heart sound gallop, third and fourth heart sound gallop, and summation gallop at 120 beats per minute. The third heart sound (S3) occurs during the rapid filling […]
17 mins read
Listening to Your Heart: Understanding the Second Heart Sound
Welcome to the second heart sound category of this website, where you will learn about various aspects of the second heart sound, including physiologically split, second heart sound with persistent splitting, second heart sound with fixed splitting, and an increase in aortic intensity, among others. Before beginning this session, please ensure that you have completed […]
14 mins read
Understanding the First Heart Sound: Types and Causes Explained
Possible causes of a loud first heart sound: Additional information on the characteristics of the first heart sound: 4. Splitting: The first heart sound may be split in some individuals, especially during inspiration. This is due to the fact that the closure of the A-V valves is delayed during inspiration due to increased venous return […]
Pharmacology Slides : Past Paper
Introduction: The expansive world of pharmacology is teeming with a variety of drugs and treatments, each designed to address specific medical conditions and improve patient health. This brief guide of Pharmacology Slides provides an overview of 73 pharmacological terms and areas, offering a snapshot of their significance. Each term covers diverse classes of drugs, their […]
Pharmacology OSPE : Past Paper
Introduction to Pharmacology OSPE Our collection of documents provides in-depth coverage on a range of topics related to Pharmacology, OSPE, practical examination preparation, and professional practices. Each document focuses on a specific topic, from infectious diseases like amoebiosis, malaria, and tuberculosis, to detailed guides for Objective Structured Practical Examinations (OSPEs) in pharmacology. This compilation serves […]
Pharmacology SEQs : Past Paper
Introduction The field of pharmacology is rich with study materials, ranging from short essay questions (SEQs), professional resources, and examinations from various years. These materials span topics from chemotherapy drugs to the study of the autonomic nervous system, mycobacterial infections, and more. They serve as valuable educational resources for students, professionals, and anyone keen on […]
Pharmacology Important Topics
Introduction The field of medical sciences is vast and encompasses a multitude of subfields each with its unique role in maintaining the health and well-being of individuals. The following descriptions provide a concise overview of various medical terminologies and subjects such as ANS, Autocoids, Blood, Chemotherapy SEQS, CVS, Endocrinology, General Pharma ANS MCQs, General Pharmacology, […]
Pharmacology Modules : Past Paper
Introduction: In the dynamic and expansive field of pharmacy. It is imperative to stay updated and well-versed in all areas, from pharmacological principles to drug therapy regimens. This overview provides a glimpse into a selection of resources that assist in achieving that goal. Here, we explore the practice of anti-TB drugs, assessment MCQs in general […]